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EC2 No Internet Access in Custom VPC: Fix Internet Gateway and Route Table

EC2 no internet access in a custom VPC is one of the most common launch-day failures — the instance is running, but outbound connectivity is completely silent. TL;DR: EC2 No Internet Access — Fix Checklist Step What to Do Why It Matters Complexity 1 Create and attach an Internet Gateway to the VPC Without an IGW, the VPC has no path to the public internet Low 2 Add a default route (0.0.0.0/0) pointing to the IGW in the subnet's route table The IGW exists but traffic has no route to reach it Low 3 Assign a public IP or Elastic IP to the instance Private IPs are not routable on the public internet Low 4 Verify Security Group allows outbound traffic A restrictive outbound rule silently drops all egress Low 5 Verify Network ...
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EC2 SSH Connection Timeout: Which Security Group Rules to Check

An EC2 SSH connection timeout is one of the most common blockers when launching a new instance — the fix is almost always a missing or misconfigured inbound rule in your Security Group. TL;DR — Diagnostic Steps at a Glance Step What to Check Common Fix 1 Security Group inbound rules Add SSH (TCP 22) from your IP 2 Subnet route table Ensure 0.0.0.0/0 routes to an Internet Gateway 3 Network ACL rules Allow inbound TCP 22 and ephemeral return ports 4 Instance public IP / Elastic IP Confirm a public IP is assigned 5 Key pair and SSH username Use correct private key and AMI-specific username Why SSH Times Out Instead of Refusing A connection refused error means the TCP handshake reached the host but nothing is listening. A connection timed out error means packets never arrived — or replies never returned. On EC2, that silence is almost always a network-layer block, not an OS-level problem. The Se...
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Difference Between IAM User and IAM Role: Which One Should Your EC2 Use?

Understanding the difference between IAM User and IAM Role is critical — choosing wrong means either hardcoded credentials in your app or a silent security exposure you won't catch until an audit. TL;DR: IAM User vs IAM Role at a Glance Dimension IAM User IAM Role Identity type Permanent, named human or service identity Assumable identity with temporary credentials Credential type Long-lived access keys or password Short-lived STS tokens (auto-rotated) Attached to EC2? No native attachment — keys must be embedded Yes — via Instance Profile, injected automatically Rotation required? Manual — your responsibility Automatic — AWS STS handles it Recommended for EC2 → S3? No Yes — always Cross-account access Requires separate user per account Native — assume role across accounts Audit trail Tied to user identity Tied to role + session name in CloudTrail What IAM User and IAM Role Actual...
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